如前所述,通过浏览计算机硬件部分的两篇文章,你对计算机硬件部分的知识已初步了解,请仔细阅读下列知识重点并尝试做一些相关题目,加深对知识的理解,充分吸收其精华部分。
NOTES
5 [7 J% g* K5 d3 g8 X[1] 总线不仅仅是一组线缆,它还包括一些逻辑电路。此处是一种形象说法,有关总线的概念请见本章1. 6节。+ s& ^! I4 [$ `9 m, h2 i
[2] 因为没有给出总线宽度,故每次传送可以理解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送的字节数、字数等。
) A& x: G& p5 O3 SKEYWORDS
1 T/ S- \+ z: xcomputer 计算机 ' P" q, B) q+ Q, n
input device 输入设备
: C, u* C% X) U- J! o- O9 Coutput device 输出设备4 g% ?0 O4 l) d1 `5 x7 n
information processing 信息处理 6 L8 g& N( e6 W; R
hardware 硬件
9 \1 V/ k/ v. n2 bsoftware 软件 - ]7 ]# F" k, d' h9 B
main memory 主存储器
3 y9 N( q' U1 @/ bcentral processing unit(CPU)中央处理器4 d# c4 @4 }$ ^$ Z
program 程序
; A6 m L2 V. P" e" h& Z8 ~bus 总线! L9 m+ w( M& \" @/ ~% m1 U
general-purpose machine 通用(计算)机 % }& r/ @' I+ x( M0 _% c6 f
microcomputer 微型计算机
4 R" @' c9 v- y# d! R$ Q' z9 hspecial-purpose machine 专用(计算)机
6 I g$ T& o( v6 z0 Vminicomputer 小型计算机
' E- q8 S" r# j- u- binstruction 指令
0 v' V) a8 _& J; Y6 K7 smainframe 主机,特大型机
7 f+ K7 Z+ z1 \/ P' y" T, Pset of instruction 指令集,指令系统
) |1 G* {6 [: r0 p8 W6 Q( h' ~
/ v* d4 N0 X/ x7 Q: h2 |
EXERCISES
N1 A/ }) Y8 _, D+ ^4 ~ 1. Multiple choices.
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(1)When we store a problem into a computer,( )is necessary.
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a. space b. time
: b/ `# i5 k2 y# ?4 a c. input device d. output device
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(2)Early computer solved ( ) problems.
+ V, B* u. G$ p( X5 X" { a. control b. business applications
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c. engineering d. mathematical
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(3)We can use prefix micro to express ( )
, Z- _" t8 B+ q- Y" @( C. ^ a. time metric b. space metric
. W/ R2 ]* B8 e$ L _+ |7 a c. both time and space metrics d. 10-6
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(4)We can say a bus is simply ( )
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a. a group of wires b. a wire
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c. a 8-bit bus d. a 16-bit bus
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(5)A computer system user generally more cares for ( )
5 h* x2 c h2 }+ m. e0 u. a. M a. physical size of the computer
. q" h$ r+ N4 i# t b. storage size
! \* P$ S, c; b c. speed of computation
. G3 @+ g+ c' a d. efficiency of the computer
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(6)According to the physical size of computers we can classify the computers into ( )
* M+ l3 G0 [2 a a. microcomputer b. minicomputer
6 n3 ]) G0 H( O- m% Y/ `, e c. mainframe d. supercomputer
0 R, d9 e( e* _; T: e$ y$ ^% }8 P(7)Prefix“mega”used for computer science is ( )
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a. larger than 106 b. smaller than 106
( K0 J) B% _+ v5 F' E c. equal to 220 d. 1 048 576
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(8)The basic hardware components of any computer include ( )
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a. CPU b. main memory
% X8 Y& i+ j/ N# F% s c. input devices d. output devices
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2. Fill in the blank with appropriate words or phrases found behind this exercise.
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(1)A computer system solves a problem by ( )
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(2)The amount of effective work of a computer can be indicated by ( ) directly.
: d0 S1 n& \, h* W* e/ n(3)Computer systems consist of ( )
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(4)Computer that can solve only one kind of problem is a ( )
% h4 `( z9 i# L0 l: N/ f5 V(5)Computer that can solve many different kinds of problems is a
9 c3 v0 b- F0 B' w* [ [# Y6 R# G(6) ( ) instruct the hardware.
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(7) ( ) is difficult and expensive to change.
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(8)We usually show the computer components in a ( )
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a. general-purpose machine
: w& w3 r: ?+ p% i$ Pb. hardware
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c. accepting input,processing problem,and producing output
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d. block diagram
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e. software
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f. storage size
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g. special-purpose machine
4 _) Q3 f4 ]; E% I. |h. hardware and software
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/ U A1 T }- B) o& M. Q" h Answer: 1.(1)a,c (2)c,d (3)a,d (4)a,c,d
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(5)b,c,d (6)a,b,c,d (7)c,d (8)a,b,c,d
) k( E( O% j7 E, Z& u
2.(1)c (2)f (3)h (4)g
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(5)a (6)e (7)b (8)d